It serves to unite various parts of a sentence, having in most cases no equivalent in our Spanish, as can be seen in the following examples: Jesucristo á anác ti Dios, Jesus Christ son of God; ití naimbág á cadaoyán, good custom; daytoy á libro, this book; naim-imbág á ubíng ngem sicá, he is a better child than you; iti casulitán á arámid, the most difficult work; nalacá unay á saó, very easy word; calicagúmac á sucnálan ti masaquit, I desire to visit the sick person; iti macaammó á agbása, he who knows how to read; agsúrat á magmagná, he writes while walking; maicari unay ti Dios á annugúten, God is most worthy of being obeyed.
It is relative when el qué is not accompanied by el, la, los, e.g.: iti táo ⊗ natáy, the man who died.
At the end of a sentence it signifies to plead, command or corroborate what is affirmed, according to the speaker’s tone; icánnac cadi, ⊗, please give it to me; aramídem daytoy, ⊗? do this, you understand? huh?; iccándacat caném, ⊗? oén, ⊗, yes, they will give you something to eat.
When the speaker leaves the sentence incomplete, the one listening asks: ⊗?, e.g.: there is a man who…; the one listening responds: what?, what did he do? what did he say?; so in Ilocano; nangted iti uppat… he gave four… the one listening says: ⊗? like one asking, four what?
When it is not the end of a sentence, the word nga is sometimes used, meaning in everything the same as ⊗.
Observation and practice will teach when one and when the other should be used.
Says what? why? look now at what he notices!—It is also an interjection of sentiment and of admiration; ápo, innálada ti pusa!, sir, they have taken the cat!; ⊗? says the one who answers.
Why? ¿ ⊗ immáyca? why did you come?
(ancient) For a thing to wear out through much use.—ag ⊗.
Don’t you see it? what do you think? I’ve caught you.
See ni, ní, ni.
(word taken from our Spanish and of very little use).
Grumble; to grumble when told something one does not like, um ⊗.
To scoff at what one does not want to hear um ⊗.
To drink face down—ag, or, um ⊗.
Sangca ab-áb á danúm, a mouthful of water.
See ammími.
Insult, affront, vilification: to affront, ⊗ en; he who, mang ⊗.
To despise; paglenná ti pannacaab-abína, he does not like to be despised.
See rurumén, laís.
(ancient) To put or place one thing upon another—i ⊗.
Indigenous root resembling the sweet potato, and it grows preferentially in humid and swampy places.
Its leaves, rather large and almost round, do not adhere to water.
The potato yielded by said root is very nutritious and almost the sole food of the Igorots.
Half coconut yet to be polished, without flesh or bark, and which serves for various domestic uses.
See sabút.
Short, that which does not have the extension corresponding to it.
A small thing compared to others of its same species, or that has less height or length.
Of short duration, e.g.: ababá ng̃á aldáo, a brief, short day.
To shorten, shrink a long thing, um ⊗: to abbreviate, cut short a thing, like rope, conversation, etc. pa ⊗ en; he who, mang̃i ⊗.
Low, shallow, of little depth, like river, pit, hole, etc.; ⊗ ti carayán, the river has little depth.
Metaphorically, a person of little judgment or short reach; nagabábaoca á táo! what little judgment you have!
Gain in game, purchase, sale, fight, knowledge, etc.: to beat someone, ⊗ en; he who gains, mang, or, um ⊗; to let oneself be beaten, pa ⊗; that which is allowed to be won ipa ⊗; to be winning, or, to play not in make-believe but collecting and paying, ag ⊗; to play not in make-believe, maqui ⊗; maquiinnábac á veces signifies the same as maqui ⊗, and other times the same as maquiaban-ábac; agaban-ábacda, now some, now others lose or win: to let someone, allow them to win, pang ⊗ en; the instrument with which one won, or, the person who was ordered or allowed to win, pinang ⊗.
To dispute, argue, maquiaban-ábac.
Loss in game, fight, etc.: to lose, ma ⊗; to lose without wanting to or against one’s will, maipa ⊗; uppát á pisos ti ⊗ co, four pesos is my loss.
Without any composition it always means loss.
Species of banana tree whose tree or trunk very strong cords and cables are made from.
See buy.
Sash that crosses over the shoulder; the act, ag ⊗; the sash, cord, ribbon, etc. that is slung across, i ⊗.
Improperly it is also applied when a sash, etc. is hung around the neck or on the arm.
See cagáy.
Or, abagay, (ancient both to two).
Complaint with feeling and anger.
Shoulder of the body; to place on the shoulder, um ⊗; that which, i ⊗; he who places it, mang̃i ⊗: Diac maiabága ti palángca, I cannot carry the chair on my shoulder.
See aúit, bacláy.
South Wind.
For the South monsoon to reign, tiempo ti ⊗; to blow South wind, ag ⊗, or, um ⊗.
South part, ⊗ an; to head South, agpa ⊗ an; to direct, aim a thing towards the South, ipa ⊗ an, or, i ⊗ an; to be or place oneself to the South of a person or thing, aquin ⊗ an.
Originating, native of the South, i ⊗ an, or, taga ⊗ an.
Species of beetle of coppery color, that emerges from the earth at morning and evening twilight at the beginning of the first rains.
It feeds on grass, and after some time turns black and takes the name of aros-áros.
Many natives, especially in the surroundings of Vigan and Abra, eat it.
Father-in-law or mother-in-law of one’s child (co-parent-in-law): to be it ag ⊗; abalayánco, my co-parent-in-law.
Children’s toy: the act, ag ⊗; that which serves as a toy, ⊗ en.
Metaphorically, it applies to dishonest touches with oneself or with another person: ¿inabalbaláymo ti baguím? did you play with your body?
White worm that breeds between wood rot and decay, like the roots of trees and kills them.
See batar, barrairong.
Rent, lease of a land.
The pension itself or canon given to the owner of the land; ipaábangco ti dagác, I lease my farm land: ¿manó ti pangábangda iti dagám? how much canon do they give you for the lease etc.? uppat á pisos ti abangna, four pesos.
It is also taken for rent of a house, horse, etc., for a loan of money: to take on lease, ⊗ an; that which is given for rent, ipa ⊗.
Baláy á pagpaábang, rental house or destined to be rented.
See Úpa, which applies with more propriety in this last meaning.
Large and long bumblebee, with lustrous and shiny wings with which natives usually beautify betel pouches and other objects.
Scrofula.
Vine with whose scraped root scrofula is cured, pang ⊗.
Wood very well-known and used.
Inequality or small difference, e.g.; two who are almost of the same body, lacking only very little to match each other, now in dress, now in hair, like two piebald horses that are almost of the same coat, or two men who are little dissimilar in customs, height, color, etc., ag ⊗ da: ag ⊗ daguitá babbá-y iti caabés, those women differ very little in dress.
Thing placed inside out, like two scraps of cloth, sewn one face up and the other inside out; the cord or reins of a horse on the opposite side of the one being steered.
Cloth not cut in a straight line or following the thread.
(taken from Spanish).
The swelling that emerges on beasts in the mouth; for an animal to have them, ag ⊗.
Worm that bores through wood, reeds, etc.; in ⊗ á cayo, stick bored by said worm.
Metaphorically, the worm of conscience that gnaws at the soul.
Row, side: to place oneself in a row like soldiers forming a front, that is, right shoulder with the left of his right, ag ⊗: agábayda ng̃a agtaráy, they run abreast.
Equality of voices in singing, of strings on an instrument, etc.; ag ⊗ ti panagcantáda, they sing with harmony.
See bágay.
For a wound to become inflamed, um ⊗.
Bandage, kerchief, etc. that is hung around the neck to support an injured arm: the act, ag ⊗; the hand that is put, i ⊗.
See ambáyon its synonym.
To take or hold a thing with the lips or teeth without biting, e.g.: the clerk the pen, the cat its kittens when transferring them: ag ⊗; abbalám dayta papel, take that paper with your lips, etc.
See ammími.
Obstacle, hindrance, impediment placed in front of someone: used mostly in material things.
To obstruct, ag ⊗; that which is opposed, i ⊗; that which causes hindrance, maca ⊗; place or cause, pang ⊗ an.
See tipéd.
Inequality in things, e.g.: two doors that do not fit due to inequality in thickness, two sticks that because they are crooked do not fit together; to be unequal, ag ⊗.
Very small and almost round fish so called.
Glutton, who is not content with what they give him to eat.
Cloth or blanket with which anything is covered: to cover oneself; ag ⊗; with that which, i ⊗; that which is covered, ⊗ an; he who covers, mang ⊗.
Shroud, ⊗ ti natay.
See arpáo, calúb.
Fabric, cloth: to weave, ag ⊗; to weave a determined thing, ⊗ en; the thread that is woven into cloth, i ⊗; he who weaves, mang ⊗; weaver, mangng ⊗; to weave for a short time, um ⊗; skilled in weaving, or, to be diligent, or, to weave frequently, uma ⊗.
The loom, pangablán.
A richly woven piece, sangaablán á naimbág únay.
To cast a blanket, kerchief, etc. over the shoulder; i ⊗ mo ti bidangmo, throw your apron over your shoulder.
See abigay which means the same.
The consummated carnal act between individuals of different sex, even if they belong to different species; ag ⊗.
Simple fornication, pannaqui ⊗ iti páda á táo; bestiality, pannaqui ⊗ iti animál; sodomite, mangñíbet; sacrilege, pannaqui ⊗ iti bendito, or, iti tao á sidadáton ti quinavirgenna iti Dios; incest, pannaqui ⊗ ti cabaguián, or, casúcub, It is also taken for lust in general.
See derrép, ot-tóg.
Brother-in-law (spouse’s brother-in-law / co-brother-in-law); to be it, ág ⊗.
Shrub with thick leaf and purple edge.